接着《Android消息机制之一简介(1)》和《Android消息机制之二简介(2)》,我们现在来单独看看Handler源码。
设计代码的路径:
base\core\java\android\os\Handler.java
Handler的简单使用
在项目中,Handler的声明和初始化一般如下,使用默认的构造函数,当然Handler中也带参数的构造函数。
// 使用默认构造函数
private Handler mHandler = new Handler();
// 使用默认构造函数,并重写handleMessage方法
private Handler myHandler = new Handler() {
public void handleMessage(android.os.Message msg) {
};
};
Handler的构造函数
下面是Handler.java所有的构造函数(好多个呢)。
Handler类在构造方法中,可指定Looper,Callback回调方法以及消息的处理方式(同步或异步),对于无参的handler,默认是当前线程的Looper。
在初始化时就会把当前线程的Looper和MessageQueue赋值到Handler中的对应变量中。然而Looper和MessageQueue的初始化是在Looper.prepare()中进行的。
同时在Handler初始化时有提示“If this thread does not have a looper, this handler won't be able to receive messages”,因此必须要有一个Looper.loop()进行循环查询消息队列。又因为loop()中是一个死循环,除非异常或者自动退出,才会执行loop后面代码,所以Handler的使用和初始化必须在Looper.loop()之前。(好像扯远了^_^)
继续看代码
/**
* Default constructor associates this handler with the {@link Looper} for the
* current thread.
*
* If this thread does not have a looper, this handler won't be able to receive messages
* so an exception is thrown.
*/
public Handler() {
this(null, false);
}
public Handler(Callback callback) {
this(callback, false);
}
public Handler(Looper looper) {
this(looper, null, false);
}
public Handler(Looper looper, Callback callback) {
this(looper, callback, false);
}
public Handler(boolean async) {
this(null, async);
}
public Handler(Callback callback, boolean async) {
//匿名类、内部类或本地类都必须申明为static,否则会警告可能出现内存泄露
if (FIND_POTENTIAL_LEAKS) {
final Class<? extends Handler> klass = getClass();
if ((klass.isAnonymousClass() || klass.isMemberClass() || klass.isLocalClass()) &&
(klass.getModifiers() & Modifier.STATIC) == 0) {
Log.w(TAG, "The following Handler class should be static or leaks might occur: " +
klass.getCanonicalName());
}
}
//获取当前线程的Looper,所以在Handler使用前Looper.prepare()
mLooper = Looper.myLooper();
if (mLooper == null) {
throw new RuntimeException(
"Can't create handler inside thread that has not called Looper.prepare()");
}
//获取初始化中初始化的消息队列
mQueue = mLooper.mQueue;
mCallback = callback;
mAsynchronous = async;
}
public Handler(Looper looper, Callback callback, boolean async) {
mLooper = looper;
mQueue = looper.mQueue;
mCallback = callback;
mAsynchronous = async;
}
Handler的消息发送
直接看图,Handler可以发送的参数类型有what,Runnable,message,然后一步一步进行封装成message,最终发送的是message的
1、发送what
在项目中,发送what时是使用sendEmptyMessage、sendEmptyMessageDelayed, sendEmptyMessageAtTime的,其实这三个的作用差不多,就是延迟时间不同,其他的都是进一步把what封装
//delayMillis延迟时间为0
public final boolean sendEmptyMessage(int what)
{
return sendEmptyMessageDelayed(what, 0);
}
//delayMillis延迟时间,如果为0,和上面sendEmptyMessage的方法一样
public final boolean sendEmptyMessageDelayed(int what, long delayMillis) {
Message msg = Message.obtain();
msg.what = what;
return sendMessageDelayed(msg, delayMillis);
}
//uptimeMillis 是当前系统时间+延迟的时间(SystemClock.uptimeMillis() + delayMillis)
public final boolean sendEmptyMessageAtTime(int what, long uptimeMillis) {
Message msg = Message.obtain();
msg.what = what;
return sendMessageAtTime(msg, uptimeMillis);
}
2、发送Message
我们会发现sendMessage()调用sendMessageDelayed()再调用sendMessageAtTime(),再调用enqueueMessage(),最终调用消息队列的enqueueMessage(),也就把message发送到MessageQueue中了。
public final boolean sendMessage(Message msg) { return sendMessageDelayed(msg, 0); } public final boolean sendMessageDelayed(Message msg, long delayMillis) { if (delayMillis < 0) { delayMillis = 0; } return sendMessageAtTime(msg, SystemClock.uptimeMillis() + delayMillis); } public boolean sendMessageAtTime(Message msg, long uptimeMillis) { MessageQueue queue = mQueue; if (queue == null) { RuntimeException e = new RuntimeException( this + " sendMessageAtTime() called with no mQueue"); Log.w("Looper", e.getMessage(), e); return false; } return enqueueMessage(queue, msg, uptimeMillis); } private boolean enqueueMessage(MessageQueue queue, Message msg, long uptimeMillis) { msg.target = this; if (mAsynchronous) { msg.setAsynchronous(true); } return queue.enqueueMessage(msg, uptimeMillis); }
3、发送Runnable
public final boolean post(Runnable r)
{
return sendMessageDelayed(getPostMessage(r), 0);
}
//uptimeMillis= 是当前系统时间+延迟的时间(SystemClock.uptimeMillis() + delayMillis)
public final boolean postAtTime(Runnable r, Object token, long uptimeMillis)
{
return sendMessageAtTime(getPostMessage(r, token), uptimeMillis);
}
//delayMillis 延迟
public final boolean postDelayed(Runnable r, long delayMillis)
{
return sendMessageDelayed(getPostMessage(r), delayMillis);
}
Handler.sendEmptyMessage()等一系列方法最终调用MessageQueue.enqueueMessage(msg, uptimeMillis),将消息添加到消息队列中,其中uptimeMillis为系统当前的运行时间,不包括休眠时间。
Handler的消息派发
Handler消息的分发是在Looper.loop()查询消息,然后调用msg.target.dispatchMessage(msg);进行派发,最终到了Handler中。
/**
* Callback interface you can use when instantiating a Handler to avoid
* having to implement your own subclass of Handler.
*
* @param msg A {@link android.os.Message Message} object
* @return True if no further handling is desired
*/
public interface Callback {
public boolean handleMessage(Message msg);
}
/**
* Subclasses must implement this to receive messages. 子类必须实现此接口
*/
public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
}
/**
* Handle system messages here.
*/
public void dispatchMessage(Message msg) {
//如果msg中有callback,直接调用message.callback.run()
if (msg.callback != null) {
handleCallback(msg);
} else {
if (mCallback != null) {
//如果有mCallback,就走这里
if (mCallback.handleMessage(msg)) {
return;
}
}
//这个方法要我们实现,然后处理发送来的message
handleMessage(msg);
}
}
分发消息流程:
- 当Message的回调方法不为空时,则回调方法msg.callback.run(),其中callBack数据类型为Runnable,否则进入步骤2;
- 当Handler的mCallback成员变量不为空时,则回调方法mCallback.handleMessage(msg),否则进入步骤3;
- 调用Handler自身的回调方法handleMessage(),该方法默认为空,Handler子类通过覆写该方法来完成具体的逻辑。
其实Handler中还有很多比如移除Message,获取Message,查看是否有这条Message等等,其代码最终还是调用MessageQueue或者Message中的方法.
写了这么多,发现写得一般,算是个流水账似得.不过,自己写写总比只看不思考好多了,写的时候或许可以理理思路吧
写得不好,望见谅!
PS:本文部分内容和图片来自gityuan.com,谢谢